frugiperda) are known to be strong fliers. ornithogalli, but other Spodoptera species (e.g. No detailed data could be found on the flight abilities of S. In North America, the pest overwinters in warmer areas and migrates northwards each year. Pictures of the pest can be viewed on the Internet.Īdult moths can fly. Hind wings are opalescent white, with a narrow brown margin. Their front wings are brownish grey with a complicated pattern of light and dark markings. Adult moths have a wing-span of 34 to 41 mm. Larvae grow from about 2 to 35 mm throughout their development. There are generally thought to be 6 larval instars, although up to 7 have been reported. Eggs are laid in clusters (200 to 500 eggs), usually on the underside of leaves. In North America, 3 to 4 generations have been observed. ornithogalli is considered to be a pest of economic importance mainly in the southeastern parts of the USA, however significant damage may occasionally be reported from northern parts.
Larvae can also feed on fruits of plants such as tomato, and cotton (capsules), or on flowers. The small gregarious larvae tend to skeletonize leaves, and later stages consume irregular patches of foliage or entire leaves. ornithogalli feeding on aerial plant parts. A list of hosts can be viewed in the EPPO Global Database.ĭamage is mainly caused by larvae of S. A maranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Datura stramonium, Erigeron canadensis, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex). ornithogalli is a highly polyphagous pest which can damage economically important crops such as asparagus, bean, beet, cotton, maize, tomato, pepper, potato, sunflower, sorghum, soybean, wheat, as well as ornamentals such as chrysanthemums and roses.
South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espirito Santo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Para, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Tocantins), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela. North America: Canada (Ontario, Quebec), Mexico, USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin).Ĭentral America and the Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, ornithogalli has not been reported in other parts of the world. ornithogalli (North and Central America and the Caribbean), therefore the geographical distribution of this pest now covers the whole American continent. marima (present in South America) is a synonym of S. Recent taxonomic studies have concluded that S.
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